A knowledge claim is something that we are sure about, and therefore, we believe it to be true. Since truth is subjective, its veracity can be questioned. Hence, the acceptance of a knowledge claim requires reliable sources that are mutually considered trustworthy. The greater the similarity, the stronger the trust grows. Trusting knowledge claims requires a conscious awareness of domain knowledge and a broad range of unobstructed cognitive progression. It involves using invisible filters and lenses formed based on our experiences, including ways of knowing. In general, acceptance is a multidimensional approach as it may be out of sheer willingness, authority, evidence, bias, and situations.

Therefore, it is cognizant to dissect the acceptance and trust in AOKs, like history and human science, to frame an argument for and against the title. Memory collectively aggregates many events, facts, and objects with individual witnesses and experiences. However, in isolation, the individual is considered the product of social interactions and an essential source to form claims in history personal knowledge. However, the general notion of memory being an active and accurate contributor to knowledge claims in history cannot be applied to particular cases. The personal experiences of the narrator also contribute to the field research. For instance, the details about the second Punic war can be best taken from military events accounted for by Polybius, including his interviews with major commanders and visits to some of the battlefields.

However, memory is often blamed to have selective attention and partial retrieval. And it is possible to forget and misremember something too. However, to trust such claims, one must study the author and his psychological approach before forming perceptions that it is a dangerous book. Moreover, the meanings due to denotation theory are exposed to several interpretations. Knowledge claims in history possess greater elements of trust if they are collective evidence from past eras, including cemeteries, the founding of museums, collections, etc. Nora rejected individual memories as documentary sources and claimed that collective memory shared knowledge is far more reliable evidence to make claims about the past in history trustworthy.

However, the investigation into the historical inquiry has often been disputed because the historical explanations have their own logic and rely on deductive models. Sometimes, the lack of appropriate strategies and evidence for historical inquiries forces us to depend on it, thereby misleading historical explanations. It is believed and often criticized that most authors and publishers designed the story to be told and hide something of no interest. The element of trust is furthermore unconvincing when knowledge claims about greek and roman military history are studied. While languages are rule-governed and intended , the rational explanations and reporting of events by Greeks largely remain unreliable, biased, incomplete, or even false.

For instance, Anuja Chandramowuli, in her book on Tuglaq, depicts Tughlaq as a cruel ruler who violates religious policies and a war aspirant. Her book misses the collective approach that a historian adopts to help people accept claims in history and eventually trust them. While trust in history has been a matter of concern due to memory and language, it is pragmatic to explore the extent to which trust in knowledge claims in human science can be established through emotions and reasoning. Trust is essential to survive. Human beings are naturally predisposed to trust. The tendency to trust made sense in our evolutionary history. Emotions are well-known governing tools to make judgments. They resemble judgments as most judgments involve trust influenced by feelings.

The harsh judgment of bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki was considered a necessary act for the greater good but also unfortunate [12]. Most humans demonstrate social emotions through which the element of trust is formed. However, other sources claim that his decision to stop any further bombing after the Hiroshima-Nagasaki incident hints the same. Emotions like regret, social pressure, and disgust sometimes assist us to reflect and trust our own decisions who we sometimes claim to be correct. Probably, a poll may have been conducted to imply personal thoughts versus shared opinions to gather a wider insight about reactions. Considering, Japanese aggression during WWII, the decision of bombing seemed trustworthy because it was unlikely for them to surrender.

It arguably discouraged the descent into nuclear war for the rest of the 20th Century. Japanese philosopher Masahiro Morioka made connections between the utilitarian argument and bombings. Trusting your own decision in such critical conditions may not be accurate. The implicit theories in psychology have often provided evidence about how we quickly trust our implicit personality. Though, our likely tendency to recall information and subsequent trustworthiness places us in a vulnerable situation. Not only this, we rely on third-party verification to trust the character of another person. Such transitive trust, according to Bernie Madoff, cultivates a false sense of security and jeopardizes social trust in general.

Trusting a knowledge claim requires paying more attention and over-weighing evidence. Undoubtedly, trust is an essential ingredient in accepting widely profound claims. Accepting disseminating knowledge must have the fundamental importance of a claim; however, philosophical disagreements may often constrain our horizon of comprehension. Such disagreements present a range of theoretical arguments, competence, evidence gathered, and, above all, expectations and beliefs in denying a claim. If one cannot trust the source, then everything built on it is untrue. Trusting memory to accept knowledge claims in history has been questioned due to its subjective nature and the weak deductive approach. Incidentally, individual memory is very often rejected and considered trustworthy rarely while collective memory is considered credible.

Whereas, in Human Sciences, it is witnessed that trust shifts and changes due to the changes in social emotion and time. On certain ethical grounds, accepting knowledge claims, especially in psychology, remains trustworthy. However, implicit theory reveals that we often accept and trust situations through confirmation bias leading to poor judgments. Trust in human science is more widely proclaimed through emotions than anything else. It is the WOKs that have the power to generate varying degrees of trust in different AOKs. Knowledge is interwired and its connections act as subdomains to serve the purpose, within the domain and outside its academic boundary.

Knowledge is conspicuous in different areas of knowledge. This problematic commodity brings along a lot of perspectives, meanings, values, and limitations. Therefore, establishing certainty to reach the best of the utility, we often aggregate concepts in different contexts to reach understanding. Having knowledge of different areas certainly does aid the process and its usefulness. A strong grasp of concepts of chemistry is required to treat an ailing condition in the human body. While the study of Psychology can have an added value in not just dealing with the body but a healthy mind too. It is often required to trespass into different AOKs in order to understand the scheme of things better as a combination. Therefore for a medical practitioner knowledge of human and natural science can provide a shallow insight.

When areas of knowledge are used in combination with one another, it assists in connecting the dots to arrive at an accurate picture, not always but sometimes. Secondary School Sebastian Devlin-Foltz Albert Einstein High School Juulia Valkola Jyväskylän Lyseon Lukio 7. Doh Hoon Chung International School Bangkok Lara Duncan Winter Park High School 8. Are some ways of knowing more likely than others to lead to truth? Suhaila Murtaza Alloo Malvern College Samuel Sutherland Tualatin High School 9. Johanna Syrjänen Helsingin Suomalainen Yhteiskoulu Anonymous Yew Chung International School - Hong Kong Alexander Bres Kelvin High School Priya Khanna Lauriston Girls' School Franz Ronay American International School, Vienna 2.

When should we trust our senses to give us truth? Teri Drummond Old Scona Academic High School Danny Soo St Paul's Grammar School 3. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of reason as a way of knowing. Natasha Chawla Pembroke School Isaac Lawless Woodcroft College 4. Alexander Clark United World College of SE Asia Anonymous Anonymous 5. Thomas Christopher Barnard King Edward's School Witley Moya Mauthoor Ivanhoe Grammar School Irene Jeanette Victoria Pyne Sha Tin College Ryan Yeh Old Scona Academic High School 6. Magdalena Lomacka American International School, Vienna Joana de Oliveira Machado British School, Rio de Janeiro 7.

Mina Itabashi King George V School Aditya Thakur Trinity Grammar School 8. Anna-Lee Folk St Paul's Grammar School Risha Dipak Vithlani International School Moshi Anonymous Anonymous 9. Júlia Schvarcová The British International School Bratislava Sophie-Scarlet Stone Lauriston Girls' School Alice Imogen Wharldall Pembroke School Claudia Ma Skyline High School Claire Sherburne Aiken High School. Terms and conditions © International Baccalaureate Organization Introduction Essays. Hajar Elaalej Rabat American School. Richa Maru Gandhi Memorial International School. Anna Wściubiak Kolegium Europejskie. Colin Kinniburgh United Nations International School.

Arni Lehto Helsingin Suomalainen Yhteiskoulu. Michael Roeterink American School of the Hague. Manasi Rajagopal United World College of SE Asia. Elizabeth Williams James S Rickards High School. Bridgett A Adviento Cajon High School. Amin Ghadimi Canadian Academy. Rachmania Shaliha Pulungan British International School, Jakarta. William Stevenson Allen D Nease High School. Madeleine Weisman Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School. Secondary School. Sebastian Devlin-Foltz Albert Einstein High School. Juulia Valkola Jyväskylän Lyseon Lukio. Doh Hoon Chung International School Bangkok.

Lara Duncan Winter Park High School. Suhaila Murtaza Alloo Malvern College. Samuel Sutherland Tualatin High School. Johanna Syrjänen Helsingin Suomalainen Yhteiskoulu. Anonymous Yew Chung International School - Hong Kong. Claudia Valeria Hamel Sierra United World College of SE Asia. Oscar Wilsby Hvitfeldtska Gymnasiet. Alexander Bres Kelvin High School. Priya Khanna Lauriston Girls' School. Franz Ronay American International School, Vienna. Teri Drummond Old Scona Academic High School.

Learn how to write an impeccable TOK essay by understanding the fundamental concepts of the subject. How to write a TOK Essay? Well to answer that you must familiarise yourself with what a TOK Essay is really about. Before you start reading this article, Amanda has some awesome TOK tips for you! Theory of Knowledge is one of the most meta subjects that IB offers. Despite its complexity, TOK helps in providing a base for holistic learning and allows students to have a multidisciplinary experience. To understand TOK is to understand the essence of IB; a task which most people consider to be unattainable.

But not for you! Thank your lucky stars which made you land on NailIB. How exactly will NailIB help you, well, to nail International Baccalaureate is something that we will talk about later. For now, let us focus on cracking your TOK essay, shall we? TOK demonstrates the ways in which students can apply their knowledge with greater awareness and credibility. Big words, huh? It makes one aware of the real-life implications of their subjects. The students gain greater awareness of their personal and ideological assumptions and appreciate the diversity of different perspectives. All in all, it helps the students find their unique perception which is a prerequisite for excelling in IB TOK essay.

Assessment of TOK. There are two assessment tasks in the TOK: an essay and a presentation. While a presentation encourages students to explore a real-life situation through the lens of TOK, an essay is written on the basis of the various questions provided by the International Baccalaureate Organisation. The GamePlan. One of the fundamental tasks of TOK is to examine different areas of knowledge and find out their similarities and differences. The TOK essay requires the students to investigate two Areas of Knowledge AOK and two Ways of Knowing WOK. AOKs and WOKs are investigated via questions such as:. The aforementioned are Knowledge Questions which help combine the Areas of Knowledge and the Ways of Knowing that they are using.

This eliminates the superficial way of learning and makes an individual sensitive to the nature of the information. Our acquisition of Knowledge can be broadly divided into Shared Knowledge and Personal Knowledge. Shared knowledge: What WE know It is the product of more than one individual. Although individuals contribute to it, shared knowledge does not solely depend upon the contributions of a particular individual—there are possibilities for others to check and amend individual contributions and add to the body of knowledge that already exists. Personal knowledge: What I know It is essentially dependent on the experiences of a particular individual. Also known as procedural knowledge, it is gained through experience, practice and personal involvement and is intimately bound up with the particular local circumstances of the individual such as biography, interests, values, and so on.

Execution of the Gameplan. The best hack to ace TOK essay is to develop a habit of m aking connections between the construction of knowledge, its acquisition and its relevance in the real world. After that one needs to develop an interest in understanding the difference between diversity and cultural perspectives and personal assumptions. One also needs to critically reflect on their own beliefs and assumptions, leading to more thoughtful, responsible and purposeful lives. Yes, this is what you signed up for. It may sound a little intimidating but once you get the hang of it you will be able to see the matrix and understand this beautiful world a little better.

Planning For TOK Essay. Understand that to provide the best version of your writing, it will take you more than one or two drafts. First and foremost, you need to pick your essay topic diligently. Try to choose an essay topic that best interests you. The topic should also allow you to explore the Areas of Knowledge towards which you are naturally inclined. Here are a few sample questions:. a 'Ways of knowing are a check on our instinctive judgments. b With reference to two areas of knowledge discuss the way in which shared knowledge can shape their personal knowledge. c How can we know if knowledge is produced more through 'Passive Observation' or 'Active-Experiment' within the Human and Natural-sciences under a Mathematical-Perspective? d "The whole point of knowledge is to produce both meaning and purpose in our personal lives".

Assess the validity of this statement. Great things take time. It took me more than a couple of weeks to finalize this TOK essay guide. It is completely okay if the first few drafts may not look pleasing or award-winning to you. You will require sharpening your perspective towards the topic each time you polish your draft. Your writing journey from a dull draft to a masterpiece will be a whole process that you will have to be patient with. Have faith in yourself and proceed stepwise. You need to consider the opinions of others who have devoted hours of research and a lifetime of dedicated studying the topic that surrounds your writing. I mean even Batman needs a Robin. In support of my awesome sauce examples, the point I am trying to make is that finding support for our claims and counterclaims through research is a good thing.

Use real-life examples to support your claims and counterclaims. These examples need to be documented researched examples like studies, experiments, articles, presentations by well-known people, etc. Examples that stem from your diploma subjects are highly encouraged, but those will need to be supported by research as well. It is suggested that you choose a title, stick to it, tackle it and not be afraid. Do not change your mind unless there is a good reason. Also, try choosing Areas of knowledge that you truly enjoy. You know slaying a known devil is much easier than an unknown one.

Allot a TIMELINE to your essay. Start with creating an outline of your essay. This will help you to track your progress and accomplish your goals. You can use tools like Trello to organize your ideas and plan your TOK essay. Areas of Knowledge AOKs : TOK distinguishes between eight areas of knowledge. They are mathematics, the natural sciences, the human sciences, the arts, history, ethics, religious knowledge systems, and indigenous knowledge systems. It is suggested that students study and explore six of these eight. Ways of knowing WOKs : TOK identifies eight specific WOKs- language, sense perception, emotion, reason, imagination, faith, intuition, and memory. It is suggested that studying four of these eight in-depth would be appropriate. WOKs underlie the methodology of the areas of knowledge and provide a basis for personal knowledge.

Structure of TOK essay. Moving ahead, let us discuss the structure of your TOK essay. Your essay will consist of 4 broad segregations:. Before breaking down further on the pillars, keep the following in mind:. Introduce your topic accurately and state your thesis statement for the essay carefully. A thesis statement is like a teaser to your entire essay wherein you define your key terms and introduce your interpretation of the question. Make sure that you do not reword the prescribed title in your thesis. Instead, it needs to, as the word says, INTRODUCE your readers to what your essay is about.

A strong introduction allows the reader to deduce what knowledge question s you are trying to answer. So, in a nutshell:. The body can be mainly divided into 3 segments. Body 1st Segment :. Body 2 : Follow the above process for your second AOK. Body 3 :. Your conclusion section will make your essay come together. It is the glue that will make your essay stick together. Herein, you need to. We recommend all the ib students use the citation machine It's FREE to organize or generate a bibliography for your TOK essay. Please go through this extensive guide provided by the IB before you start working on your citations.

Nail IB is your virtual companion that helps you hustle through your diploma and provide you with the right resources at the right time. To know more about acing IB, click here. I hope this article will become the foundation for figuring out how to write a TOK Essay. Remember to have faith in yourself. I hope you NAIL your TOK essay! Quoting the great Napolean Hill "Whatever the mind of a man can conceive and believe, it can achieve. This FREE guide reveals the most powerful information for boosting your extended essay score and opening the floodgates to that sweet 45!

Shared knowledge: What WE know It is the product of more than one individual. Does this mean that there is no such thing as truth? Knowledge and indigenous societies. To understand TOK is to understand the essence of IB; a task which most people consider to be unattainable. Trusting memory to accept knowledge claims in history has been questioned due to its subjective nature and the weak deductive approach.

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