Use subheadings if possible i. Data Collection, Data Analysis, Ethical Considerations etc. and write with a future aspect, i. The research will initially examine water treatment processes in It is important to relate these results to the critical framework of your intended new research project. Lists the stages of the research project in timeline, spreadsheet or tabular format, and the deadlines for completion of these stages or tasks. You should include any anticipated challenges to completion. Outlines the proposed chapters of the thesis and the content of each chapter in several lines or a paragraph, including a Table of Contents.

Relates the expected outcomes of your research to the aims expressed in the Introduction so that the need for the study and the contribution to knowledge is clear. Provides all the resources cited in your resource proposal using a referencing format favoured by your faculty or discipline. Do not list resources that are not directly referred to in your Proposal. A research proposal is usually quite a bit longer than other written academic genres. In the Humanities, it could be around 10, words or even longer excluding the Reference List ; whereas those from more Science-oriented disciplines may be shorter. Similar to other academic genres, writing the research proposal is a process. Reviewing the academic literature on your topic is one of the most critical stages of your research proposal.

This section goes beyond a simple summary of everything written on a subject. Instead, it is a critical synthesis of materials that illuminates selected academic literature on your topic. Adapted from Rudestam and Newton as cited in Paltridge and Starfield Thesis and dissertation writing in a second language: A handbook for students and their advisers. Adapted from Cadman as cited in Paltridge, B. and Starfield, S. Explore all resources. Get tailored advice from an Academic Skills adviser by booking an individual appointment, or get quick advice from one of our Academic Writing Tutors in our online drop-in sessions.

Get one-on-one advice. Students Academic Skills Explore our resources Graduate research Writing a research proposal. What's it for? W hat's in it? Data collection The researcher is expected to give a detailed account of the methodology adopted for collection of data, which include the time frame required for the research. Rigor soundness of the research This addresses the strength of the research with respect to its neutrality, consistency and applicability. Neutrality It refers to the robustness of a research method against bias. Consistency Consistency considers whether the findings will be consistent if the inquiry was replicated with the same participants and in a similar context.

Applicability Applicability refers to the degree to which the findings can be applied to different contexts and groups. Data analysis This section deals with the reduction and reconstruction of data and its analysis including sample size calculation. Ethical considerations Medical research introduces special moral and ethical problems that are not usually encountered by other researchers during data collection, and hence, the researcher should take special care in ensuring that ethical standards are met. Appendices Appendices are documents that support the proposal and application. Citations As with any scholarly research paper, you must cite the sources you used in composing your proposal. SUMMARY Successful, qualitative research proposals should communicate the researcher's knowledge of the field and method and convey the emergent nature of the qualitative design.

Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest. McGranaghan M. Guidelines on Writing a Research Proposal. Nte AR, Awi DD. Research proposal writing: Breaking the myth. Niger J Med. Saunderlin G. Writing a research proposal: The critical first step for successful clinical research. Gastroenterol Nurs. Klopper H. The qualitative research proposal. Singh MD, Cameron C, Duff D. Writing proposals for research funds. Burns N, Grove SK. The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, Critique and Utilization. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; Sandelowski M, Barroso J.

Writing the proposal for a qualitative research methodology project. Qual Health Res. Krathwohl DR. How to Prepare a Dissertation Proposal: Suggestions for Students in Education and the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press; Balakumar P, Inamdar MN, Jagadeesh G. The Critical Steps for Successful Research: The Research Proposal and Scientific Writing: A Report on the Pre-Conference Workshop Held in Conjunction with the 64th Annual Conference of the Indian Pharmaceutical Congress J Pharmacol Pharmacother.

Labaree RV. Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: Writing a Research Proposal. Research Proposal. Sliep Y, Poggenpoel M, Gmeiner A. A care counselling model for HIV reactive patients in rural Malawi — Part II. Articles from Indian Journal of Anaesthesia are provided here courtesy of Wolters Kluwer -- Medknow Publications. Copy Download. A fragile democracy: the contemporary political crisis in Myanmar. Myanmar has for a long time suffered under the dictatorship of a military junta. The junta only dissolved in , and the National League for Democracy officially rules. Yet, the militaries remain strong and often uncontrollable. The resulting crisis is tragic, and writing about it could be a good topic for a research proposal.

The Arab Spring and its impact on the contemporary Middle East. The Arab Spring was a wave of demonstrations, protests, and revolutions in the countries of the Middle East. There was a hope that they would result in more democratic political regimes across the region. However, the results were far from optimistic. The massive impact of this phenomenon makes the Arab Spring an excellent topic example for a research proposal. Sarah Palin and her role in the RNC. Shakespeare and his influence on politics. The military policy of Georgia toward South Ossetia. Why are many people disappointed with the two-party system? Learn more. Traditional envisioning centers on linear tracks. It connects lines to show differences or similarities.

Explore how comparative genomics can analyze numerous genomes in 3D surfaces. Real-time feedback in education. Examine the ways and existing technologies that allow a teacher to get feedback on how students understand the lessons. Suggest concepts aimed at improving the professor-student communication. WLAN Networks: H. You can assess how to improve cross-layer architecture for video transmission in WLAN Network. Examine ways to enhance video quality performance. Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks WMSN : performance. This topic can help you generate a whole list of ideas for further IT studies: frameworks, analysis of existing solutions, etc. You can investigate transport, physical layers, or application of the communication protocol stack. WLAN Network: improvement of FEC algorithms.

Explore the possible way to improve FEC schemes in cases of wireless channel loss. Software sizing and pricing: correlation. In your proposal, suggest methods to evaluate and lower software size. Component-based software engineering CBSE process: ways to improve. You can choose this topic among other interesting IT project proposal ideas. Investigate how CBSE can shorten the time for production, increase software quality, and reduce its costs. Provide points to detect such behavior and how to prevent it. Education technologies in higher education. Research methods and tools that will enhance constructive alignment in higher education teaching. How can the government potentially abuse facial recognition? How do social media algorithms impact user experience?

Wrong course choice can lead to poor grades and turn studying into a waste of time. Augmented Reality AR and Virtual Reality VR in education. Learning preferences and customized study process. can benefit from optimized learning. Provide suggestions on how educators can adjust their teaching styles using IoT devices and sensors. VR and AR roles in the assessment process. Suggest ways of how the professor can use VR and AR. Gamification in education. Gamification elements can be found almost everywhere: social media, professional software, and education. Analyze how gamification can be applied to various subjects.

Assess the possible student outcomes. Social media and group projects. Social networks, such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, are an integral part of our daily life. Assess how social media can be useful in learning, and, especially, for group projects. Mobile apps: usage growth. Analyze the factors that impact the usage rate of mobile applications. What are the weak points of financial cybersecurity? Review the trends in medical software development. The impact of employee motivation on their performance. Is it true that highly motivated staff work better? And if yes, how much better does it work?

The importance of this question warrants its further investigation and may prove a worthwhile topic for your dissertation research proposal. Disaster preparedness plans for the business. In many regions of the world, disasters such as hurricanes or earthquakes occur frequently. The costs and losses of business due to such disasters may be tremendous. Ways to transition to a new organizational culture. Studying the ways to make such a transition smooth and seamless could be a great research paper idea. The most effective leadership styles for various types of businesses. This theme could be a useful and interesting research topic for your proposal. Environmental friendliness of a business: additional costs or a way to make more profit? Many business leaders assume that decreasing the amount of waste their company produces will only result in losses.

However, this is not true: eco-friendliness improves business reputation and attracts more clients. Investigating the effect of environmental friendliness on business performance could be an interesting research idea. The impact of various types of stakeholders on the success of a business. Exploring its exact impact on a company may be an excellent idea for your quantitative research proposal. Business management and innovation. Social engineering technologies caused significant changes in marketing, customer-organization relations, communications, etc.

Assess how these technologies can be used in business. Effective energy management and its role in sustainable development. Provide suggestions on how enterprises can increase their energy effectiveness. Social entrepreneurship in developing countries. How can a business increase its social value without prejudice to its profits? Ethics and corporate social responsibility. Ethical issues remain a popular topic for research studies. Point out how corporate responsibility can increase the loyalty of employees. Accounting and accountability. Business management and its effect on profits. The goal of any company is to make profits. Sustainable development: the relationship with business in the 21 st century.

How does sustainable development affect business? What does it mean to be a sustainable leader? Give examples of organizations that became successful in the 21st century. What are the factors that have influenced their success? Strategy of communication: old vs. Choose a company featuring a new communication strategy. Why did the management of the company decide to use it? Describe the existing practices of communication strategies. How do they affect performance and financial outcomes? What difference can a chosen way of communication make to stakeholders? China and the US: cultural and organizational behavior. Why is the Chinese market so attractive for US companies? Give examples of US companies who depend on the Chinese market.

What barriers for building a business on the Chinese market are there? What are the best strategies to sell products or services in China? Recommend the best-suited regimen for the introduction of a product. Give information about organizational behavior in China. What makes it unique? New technologies in hospitals. What are the main difficulties associated with new technologies in a medical center? Why is there a need to keep up with the changing technologies? What healthcare issues create the biggest administration barriers? Does it affect the cost? Provide a real-life example. Small businesses vs. big enterprises. What is the current stand of small businesses in your area? How does their performance compare to that of big established brands? Is there a place for small businesses in the next decades, or are they dying out?

If that happens, in what way will it affect the economy? What can one do to prevent monopolization of the market? Advertising strategies: how to advertise different types of businesses. What types of ads are known to give the best results market-wise? What advertising strategies work best for big corporations? What about small businesses? Give real-life examples. Does the cost of advertising correlate with marketing success? Inexperienced workers: how can they find a job? Is there a market for people fresh out of colleges and inexperienced workers? What social groups fall under the category? Is the demand for such people reflected in the paychecks?

What can be done to maximize their appeal as employees? Will it benefit or harm the economy? Describe the programs that companies set up to reward employees. Illustrate your analysis with statistics. What types of rewards are there? Which of them work better? Should a company decide whom to reward? How to implement corporate ethical policy. What is ethical in the corporate world of the 21st century? Does the public image of a company reflect on its sales? Give examples of successful marketing campaigns centered on ethical issues. Advertising strategies and the importance of advertising for business. Strategies for running a business. Importance of business planning.

How does competition function in disadvantageous times? Digitalization and supply chain recovery in crises. What resolutions can improve a project? How to improve product development using dynamic capability? Do relationships between employees affect their performance? How can they achieve knowledge integration and strategic flexibility? Use a theoretical framework in your study. Analyze the data using structural equation modeling. Allocation of human resources. What are the issues associated with human resource allocation? Investigate the mechanisms of top-down resource allocation. Use empirical research techniques in your research. Project benefit management: how to set effective target benefits? What is the scale of practical target benefits?

Validate your research by presenting case studies. Use goal-setting theory in your study. Analyze the dimensions of comprehensiveness, attainability, and specificity. Person-centered vs. team-centered leadership. Use Archer realist social theory in your research. Conduct the study using mixed methods of data analysis. Project managers. What is their role in internal and external relationship management? Use mixed methods in your research. Categorize the role groups. Illustrate the transition from traditional to new project management. Do trust-conflict interactions impact project added value? Investigate relational and calculative trust dimensions. Study the influence of trust-conflict interactions on project added values.

Explore task, project, and relationship conflicts. How to encourage the building industry to evolve into a lower carbon construction equivalent. Analyze the effects of building development project processes. How much energy does building consume, and how much are there carbon emissions? Does it affect indoor environmental quality? What are the associated needs of operations management? Project management practices in private organizations. Which project management practices are used in private organizations? What are the sectors of their activity? How do they choose their project management practices? Use a mixed-methods research methodology. Process groups vs.

the project life cycle. How are both methods implemented in a project? Collect the data using questionnaires sampled from project managers in your area. Analyze the data using inferential statistics. What are the advantages of Facebook in the e-commerce field? What is a red ocean strategy in social media marketing? Ambiguous IT innovations in human resource management. Big data competencies for maintaining managerial competitiveness. What are the most and the least popular types of packaging materials? How does the cost of packaging depend on its type? What are the problems associated with the most popular types of packaging? Give recommendations to improve the packaging strategies. What types of financial incentives do workers receive in different kinds of organizations?

Do organizations recognize the correlation between productivity and financial incentives? Effective employee selection and recruitment. Does it work as a tool for achieving top productivity in a company? What should one consider in the process of employee selection? How can the knowledge of the labor turnover rate help choose a suitable candidate? How do you identify the candidates most suitable for career promotion? The durability of small scale business start-ups. How does one determine investment appraisal of small business in your area?

Does this process benefit both the economy in general and the investors in particular? Can inaccurate methods of project assessment be identified early? What are the ways to avoid low returns? Time management in a company. Study how time is usually managed in companies. What types of work-time organization are there? Why would a company choose unconventional time management techniques? Does it reflect on the productivity of employees? Ailing industries: will privatization help them? Conduct a case study. What are the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the service? Will the privatization help the business?

Study how to identify inadequacies of the workplace environment. What physical and psychological discomfort is involved? What solutions can be provided? Examine the environmental factors in a given company. Employ both the investigative and the descriptive approach in your research. Collect data using the interview and survey methods. Strategic human resource management. What are the ways to determine its effectiveness? Obtain the information for the study through questionnaire responses. Analyze your findings. Find out whether there is a relationship between strategic resource management and organization performance. Corporate governance. Study its impact on the management of an organization. Who designs and implements the processes and rules practiced in a company?

What is the primary force that influences corporate governance? Use research questions, surveys, and questionnaires in your study. Analyze the collected data through mean scores and frequencies. What are the systemic problems militating against corporate governance? Microfinance organizations and their impact on small-scale organizations. How do microfinance organizations encourage banking habits among poorer populations? How can the economic status of the small scale manufacturers be improved by giving them more capital? What are the possible drawbacks of this business relationship?

Review how leadership relates to job satisfaction. How can AI help strategic business management? Employee commitment during uncertain times. Learn More. A mobile application to recruit potential staff. The app will involve problem-solving puzzles. It will monitor the time spent on solving them without using outside resources. The top 10 players can be later contacted. A website specializing in collecting customized orders. The website will gather information on what people want to be made. It will send requests to affiliated creators. They, in turn, choose what they can complete based on their specialty. It will focus on convenient models with vast libraries. They will also provide customers with food and music. A traditionally animated film in the style of old classics.

Due to the nostalgia factor, a hand-drawn feature could be successful. A representative-operated national food restaurant. The idea is to hire representatives of the culture the restaurant is based on. It may increase engagement with different demographics. Competing with more established players in the field is challenging. However, you may take advantage of their known weaknesses. Your website would mind user feedback and thus avoid introducing unpopular changes. Safe-space avenue for online and offline presentations. Minority groups may find it challenging to access busier platforms.

Offering them a spot that will guarantee their safety may benefit both parties. A reverse experience school for disabled people. The experiment will follow the principles of inclusivity. People without disabilities would comprise a minority. It would allow disabled people to feel less constrained. A digital platform for aspiring influencers. The service will offer advice and suggest the steps for building an audience. An analog fast food product for vegans. A TV show focused on Native American representation. The importance of early interventions in special education for children with disabilities.

The use of innovative technologies in education. The ubiquity of computers and smartphones means that they also used in studies. Finding out new ways in which innovations might assist teachers could be an interesting research paper idea. The effectiveness of online universities in providing education. It could be an exciting research topic idea to compare online institutions to traditional. University education in a narrow specialization: a way to increase professionalism, or to spread ignorance? There exists a trend of providing education in a narrow area or specialty in the contemporary higher education setting. However, traditional universities have also been known to teach their students a wide range of courses. The benefits of an education in a narrow field and the costs of losing the tradition of an all-encompassing education are a worthwhile topic for a Phd.

research proposal. Innovative approaches to teaching. The need for the instructor to interact with students is becoming more and more apparent in the contemporary educational setting. Studying the benefits and drawbacks of this approach might be an excellent idea for a research proposal topic list for education majors. The impacts of inclusive education on children without special needs. Inclusive learning is believed to have a positive influence on children with special needs and has become a trend nowadays. Classroom management techniques for high school. High school teachers often have to deal with disruptive behaviors of their students. Finding out what classroom management techniques work best for this may prove a useful and engaging research topic idea.

All children have their own personality. It can be difficult for parents to understand how to manage it. Many management approaches are depending on how a child behaves. Some children are insecure and worrisome in unfamiliar situations. In this situation, parents should avoid being overprotective. Encouraging a child to explore is the best strategy. Impulsive children: parenting strategies. Parents often struggle with kids whose behavior is hard to predict. There are ways to make it easier. Parents should remain gentle with children. What role does art play in child development? Everyone supports art classes in early childhood development. However, in many countries, art disappears from the list of subjects in middle and high school. Is it the correct approach? Child development: aesthetic education as a core learning approach.

Another great title of research proposal in education, also worth choosing it as a thesis topic. You can look into the benefits of aesthetic education. It helps children to become creative and see things from new points of view. Testing system: should it be reformed? Everyone agrees that there are too many flaws in the current testing system. Not only can it be unfair; it also puts pressure on children and college students. Look into why and how the testing system is flawed and if there is a need to fix it. Tests and exams cause children to develop anxiety and depression.

Moreover, this problem may aggravate. It can lead children to develop low self-confidence and hurt their social skills. The purpose of early intervention. Some children need special or extra care and support throughout their development. But how to understand who needs it, and how will they benefit from it? Why would this approach be the best for them? Education and innovative technologies. E-books and tablets are replacing textbooks. Chalkboards are out of use since smart boards are the new solution. Both children and teachers are adapting to the latest technologies. You might research the most recent trends in this topic. Educational apps for children: advantages and disadvantages. Even toddlers can use smartphones and tablets now.

Parents might as well use technologies for educational purposes. However, it may be tricky. Some apps combine the story with learning outcome goals and promote creativity. Others might have too much action and sound. This only distracts children from learning. When parents want some time to rest from kids, they just turn the TV on.

The new PMC design is here! Learn more about navigating our updated article layout. The PMC legacy view will also be available for a limited time. Federal government websites often end in. gov or. The site is secure. Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Writing the proposal of a research work in the present era is a challenging task due to the constantly evolving trends in the qualitative research design and the need to incorporate medical advances into the methodology. Even today, many of the proposals at post-graduate evaluation committees and application proposals for funding are substandard. A search was conducted with keywords such as research proposal, writing proposal and qualitative using search engines, namely, PubMed and Google Scholar, and an attempt has been made to provide broad guidelines for writing a scientifically appropriate research proposal.

A clean, well-thought-out proposal forms the backbone for the research itself and hence becomes the most important step in the process of conduct of research. However, there are very few universally accepted guidelines for preparation of a good quality research proposal. A search was performed with keywords such as research proposal, funding, qualitative and writing proposals using search engines, namely, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. A proposal needs to show how your work fits into what is already known about the topic and what new paradigm will it add to the literature, while specifying the question that the research will answer, establishing its significance, and the implications of the answer.

A researcher must be balanced, with a realistic understanding of what can be achieved. Being persuasive implies that researcher must be able to convince other researchers, research funding agencies, educational institutions and supervisors that the research is worth getting approval. The aim of the researcher should be clearly stated in simple language that describes the research in a way that non-specialists can comprehend, without use of jargons. The proposal must not only demonstrate that it is based on an intelligent understanding of the existing literature but also show that the writer has thought about the time needed to conduct each stage of the research. The contents or formats of a research proposal vary depending on the requirements of evaluation committee and are generally provided by the evaluation committee or the institution.

In general, a cover page should contain the i title of the proposal, ii name and affiliation of the researcher principal investigator and co-investigators, iii institutional affiliation degree of the investigator and the name of institution where the study will be performed , details of contact such as phone numbers, E-mail id's and lines for signatures of investigators. The main contents of the proposal may be presented under the following headings: i introduction, ii review of literature, iii aims and objectives, iv research design and methods, v ethical considerations, vi budget, vii appendices and viii citations. Introduction is an initial pitch of an idea; it sets the scene and puts the research in context. It should convey to the reader, what you want to do, what necessitates the study and your passion for the topic.

ii What do we already know about the topic? iii What has not been answered adequately in previous research and practice? iv How will this research add to knowledge, practice and policy in this area? If hypothesis cannot be constructed, the line of inquiry to be used in the research must be indicated. It refers to all sources of scientific evidence pertaining to the topic in interest. It is preferable to summarise each article in a paragraph, highlighting the details pertinent to the topic of interest. The progression of review can move from the more general to the more focused studies, or a historical progression can be used to develop the story, without making it exhaustive. The research purpose or goal or aim gives a broad indication of what the researcher wishes to achieve in the research.

The hypothesis to be tested can be the aim of the study. The objectives related to parameters or tools used to achieve the aim are generally categorised as primary and secondary objectives. It should be unmistakably tied to the specific aims of your study. In this section, the methods and sources used to conduct the research must be discussed, including specific references to sites, databases, key texts or authors that will be indispensable to the project. There should be specific mention about the methodological approaches to be undertaken to gather information, about the techniques to be used to analyse it and about the tests of external validity to which researcher is committed.

The components of this section include the following:[ 4 ]. Population refers to all the elements individuals, objects or substances that meet certain criteria for inclusion in a given universe,[ 12 ] and sample refers to subset of population which meets the inclusion criteria for enrolment into the study. The inclusion and exclusion criteria should be clearly defined. The researcher is expected to give a detailed account of the methodology adopted for collection of data, which include the time frame required for the research. The methodology should be tested for its validity and ensure that, in pursuit of achieving the results, the participant's life is not jeopardised. The author should anticipate and acknowledge any potential barrier and pitfall in carrying out the research design and explain plans to address them, thereby avoiding lacunae due to incomplete data collection.

If the researcher is planning to acquire data through interviews or questionnaires, copy of the questions used for the same should be attached as an annexure with the proposal. This addresses the strength of the research with respect to its neutrality, consistency and applicability. Rigor must be reflected throughout the proposal. It refers to the robustness of a research method against bias. The author should convey the measures taken to avoid bias, viz. blinding and randomisation, in an elaborate way, thus ensuring that the result obtained from the adopted method is purely as chance and not influenced by other confounding variables.

Consistency considers whether the findings will be consistent if the inquiry was replicated with the same participants and in a similar context. This can be achieved by adopting standard and universally accepted methods and scales. Applicability refers to the degree to which the findings can be applied to different contexts and groups. This section deals with the reduction and reconstruction of data and its analysis including sample size calculation. The researcher is expected to explain the steps adopted for coding and sorting the data obtained. Various tests to be used to analyse the data for its robustness, significance should be clearly stated. Author should also mention the names of statistician and suitable software which will be used in due course of data analysis and their contribution to data analysis and sample calculation.

Medical research introduces special moral and ethical problems that are not usually encountered by other researchers during data collection, and hence, the researcher should take special care in ensuring that ethical standards are met. Ethical considerations refer to the protection of the participants' rights right to self-determination, right to privacy, right to autonomy and confidentiality, right to fair treatment and right to protection from discomfort and harm , obtaining informed consent and the institutional review process ethical approval. The researcher needs to provide adequate information on each of these aspects.

Informed consent needs to be obtained from the participants details discussed in further chapters , as well as the research site and the relevant authorities. All items in the budget should be justified. Appendices are documents that support the proposal and application. The appendices will be specific for each proposal but documents that are usually required include informed consent form, supporting documents, questionnaires, measurement tools and patient information of the study in layman's language. As with any scholarly research paper, you must cite the sources you used in composing your proposal. It refers to all references cited in the research proposal. Successful, qualitative research proposals should communicate the researcher's knowledge of the field and method and convey the emergent nature of the qualitative design.

The proposal should follow a discernible logic from the introduction to presentation of the appendices. Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation. Indian J Anaesth. doi: PMCID: PMC K Sudheesh , Devika Rani Duggappa , and SS Nethra. K Sudheesh Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Find articles by K Sudheesh. Devika Rani Duggappa Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Find articles by Devika Rani Duggappa.

SS Nethra Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Find articles by SS Nethra. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Address for correspondence: Dr. E-mail: moc. liamg drakived. Copyright : © Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3. Abstract Writing the proposal of a research work in the present era is a challenging task due to the constantly evolving trends in the qualitative research design and the need to incorporate medical advances into the methodology. Key words: Guidelines, proposal, qualitative, research. Open in a separate window.

CONTENTS OF A RESEARCH PROPOSAL The contents or formats of a research proposal vary depending on the requirements of evaluation committee and are generally provided by the evaluation committee or the institution. Review of literature It refers to all sources of scientific evidence pertaining to the topic in interest. Aims and objectives The research purpose or goal or aim gives a broad indication of what the researcher wishes to achieve in the research. Data collection The researcher is expected to give a detailed account of the methodology adopted for collection of data, which include the time frame required for the research. Rigor soundness of the research This addresses the strength of the research with respect to its neutrality, consistency and applicability.

Neutrality It refers to the robustness of a research method against bias. Consistency Consistency considers whether the findings will be consistent if the inquiry was replicated with the same participants and in a similar context. Applicability Applicability refers to the degree to which the findings can be applied to different contexts and groups. Data analysis This section deals with the reduction and reconstruction of data and its analysis including sample size calculation. Ethical considerations Medical research introduces special moral and ethical problems that are not usually encountered by other researchers during data collection, and hence, the researcher should take special care in ensuring that ethical standards are met.

Appendices Appendices are documents that support the proposal and application. Citations As with any scholarly research paper, you must cite the sources you used in composing your proposal. SUMMARY Successful, qualitative research proposals should communicate the researcher's knowledge of the field and method and convey the emergent nature of the qualitative design. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest. McGranaghan M.

To guide your introduction , include information about:. dissertation since there is a lack of research on this issue. Why is the Chinese market so attractive for US companies? The evolution of states and nations is at the core of developmental studies. The author should convey the measures taken to avoid bias, viz. What role does stress play in cancer treatment? She has also worked as an editor and teacher, working with students at all different levels to improve their academic writing.

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